POINT CALIMERE TO MADRAS (CHENNAI)  357

Point Calimere to Nagapattinam
Point Calimere locally called as Kodiakkarai is the S extremity of the Coromandel Coast and the NW entrance point of Palk Strait and is conspicuous from seaward. 
Between Point Calimere and the port of Nagappattinam, 28 miles N, the coast is low and fringed with groups of Palmyra and Casuarinas trees. Sand ridges of 3 to 10 m height also fringe the coast.

Point Calimere Light.	(1017.43N, 7952.11E) 
The light is exhibited from a white circular concrete tower with a red colour spherical dome roof. The tower is 16 m in height and stands close to the Calimere point. Racon (K) transmits from the light tower.

Nagapattinam Shoals.	 
A narrow ridge about 8 miles long composed of hard sand and stones with depth of 5.9 m to 9.4 m. It lies parallel to the coast about 4 to 5 miles offshore. It is steep-to at its N end about 6 miles SE of Nagapattinam.	
This stretch of coast should not be approached within depths of 14 m. It is advisable to keep outside the 20m contour, especially in the vicinity of Nagapattinam Shoals, until the conspicuous church spire at 
Nagapattinam bears 297 or less; this bearing will lead vessels off Nagappattinam Shoal.

Nagapattinam Light.  (1045.95N, 79 51.01E) 
This light is exhibited from a white circular masonry tower with black bands, 50 m in height and about 1 cable N of entrance to Kaduvaiyar River. The lighthouse transmits DGPS corrections and also has a Racon (G).

Nagapattinam Port
Nagapattinam. Nagapattinam port (10 46N, 79 51E) is an all-weather direct berthing port for small ocean-going vessels. Nagapattinam is one of the minor ports of Tamilnadu and one of the earliest Portuguese settlements 
on the East coast of India. It is open roadstead port and lies at the mouth of Kaduvaiyar River. During the Northeast Monsoon from Oct to Mar, the predominant wind is North Easterly with a force of 6 to 7 knots. 
During the Southwest Monsoon, the wind is Westerly with a maximum force of 6 knots. 
 
Sandbar
The Sandbar at the entrance of the Kaduvaiyar river have a least depth of 1.5 m over it. A Rubble Mound Breakwater is constructed at the north and south sides to maintain the depth of the sandbar. 
The sea breaks over the bar, in almost all weathers and it can be dangerous for ships unless carefully handled. It is advisable to not cross the sandbar after dark. 
The channel leading to the wharf about half a cable south of the entrance is dredged to 3m.

Anchorage
The anchorage off Nagappattinam is an open road stead. The bottom is sandy and muddy which forms good holding ground. The depth decreases gradually towards the coast. Anchorage may be obtained in good holding 
ground with the lighthouse bearing between 281o and 285, in a depth of 7 to 8 m. This anchorage is open to all but W winds and is uncomfortable because vessels nearly always lie athwart wind and sea. 
Port Officer may be contacted for proper anchorage position. During North-east monsoons it is not advisable to anchor in depths less than 10 m.

 
Directions
Vessels bound from S should keep in depths of over 37 m when near Point Pedro Shoal and should not close the coast between Point Calimere and Nagappattinam within 18m until the conspicuous church spire bears less than 305 
Current off Nagappattinam generally set with the wind; the direction and force depends on the wind.

Rocks and Obstructions. 
Rocks and piles exist near and adjacent to the navigable channel. Rock awash at chart datum is present in position (10 45.8N, 79 51.1E). Sand bar exist at the tip of south break water. 
Mariners to exercise caution while approaching the channel.

Wreck. 
A wreck in position (10 49.70N, 79 53.0) is dangerous for navigation.

Nagappattinam to Cuddalore
Several sandy shoals with depths from 8m to 9m, lie upto 2 miles offshore between Nagappattinam and Nagore, 4 miles N. The coast at about 9 miles N of Nagappattinam continues to be very flat and low. 

Nagore
Nagore (10 49N, 79 51E) is situated on the S bank of Vettar River about 0.5  mile within its entrance and is remarkable for the Nagore Dargah (a shrine built over the grave of a revered religious figure), 
which is built over the tomb of the Sufi Saint Nagore Shahul Hamid. There are five minarets in the Dargah, which is prominent and the tallest one is 43 m high located 1 mile WSW of the mouth of the river. 
The Kanduri festival celebrated here is one of the greatest Muslim festivals in South India and attracts many pilgrims. 
Chidambaram Oil Jetty (10 49.02N, 79 51.01E) is located at South bank of Vetter River about 300 meters within its entrance.
Vettar River, about 0.5 to 1 cable wide, is blocked by islets and shoals, its entrance is obstructed by a shifting sandbar, with a depth of 1.2 m

Anchorage
An open anchorage, 1 mile ENE of the minaret, or in greater depths seaward, may be obtained in depths of 6.4 m to 8.2 m, holding ground is good but the anchorage is uncomfortable being exposed to short breaking sea 
in heavy weather and during the NE monsoon. The N limits are defined by a boundary pillar 3 cables N of the river mouth.
A T-Shaped Jetty of the Chennai Petroleum Corporation Ltd with a trestle length of 1300 m and a berthing face of 65 m extend from the shore off Nagore on the southern bank of the Vettar River into the sea. 
The depths alongside the berthing face of the jetty are 8-9 m. The jetty is primarily used to berth ships carrying crude oil for the refinery located at Nagore.
Pilot boards about 1.75  miles SE of the berth in a circular waiting area, radius 3 cables, centered on 10 48.8N, 79 53.4E.
From the mouth of Vettar River to the village of Kaveripattnam, 19 miles N, the coast continues to be very low and flat. Between the mouth of Vettar River and Arasalar River, 5 miles N, are the mouths of Puttar River and 
Tirumalarajanar River, both obstructed by sandbars and capable of navigation only after heavy rains when cargo can be handled in flat-bottomed boats.

Chemplast Sanmar Marine Terminal (Karaikal)
A captive marine terminal has been developed by M/s Chemplast Sanmar Ltd, S of Karaikal. The Marine Terminal facility Jetty has a berthing face of 40m, extending seawards from a point 500 m N of the mouth of the 
Piravadayanar (Puttar River). The jetty has a trestle 1250 m long and has an alongside depth of 8.3m at the berthing face. 
There are 2 piled mooring dolphins on either side of the berthing dolphins with a total length of 154 m. The extremity of the jetty is marked by red and green lights Fl (4s) of visibility 3 miles. 

Anchorage. Vessels awaiting berthing may anchor 3miles ENE of the jetty. 

Karaikal
Karaikal, a town 6 miles N of Nagore lies on the N bank of Arasalar River about 1 mile within the entrance; vessels anchor in the open road stead of the river mouth and use local boats to handle cargo. 

Caution. 
The sandbar at the river mouth has a depth of 2.4 m at high water springs and is marked by rollers. It is very dangerous to cross the sandbar in October, November and December. Landing should not be attempted in ships boats.
Depths off the port shoal gradually from the 18 m, about 6 miles off shore to a depth of 9.1 m about 0.8 miles E of the port.

Karaikal Port
Karaikal Port (10 50 N, 79 51 E) is an ISPS compliant, all weather port situated about 1 mile south of Karaikal Chemplast Sanmar Terminal. The port is operated by Karaikal Port Private Ltd (KPPL). 
The coast line is by and large straight with a few indentations caused by the rivers emptying into the sea. The sea coast is low lying and many areas are observed to be liable to flooding during higher high waters. 
The entire coastline is well vegetated by casuarinas/coconut trees and coniferous trees.

Karaikal Light House. 
Karaikal light(1054.9 N, 07951.2 E)   is exhibited from a white circular concrete tower 18 m in height on the N bank of the Arasalar River about 1 cable within the entrance.

Anchorage
Anchorage depth varies from 9 m to 18 m and provides good holding ground. The sea bed comprises of mud, fine sand and broken shells. The details of anchorages are as follows:
(a) An anchorage exists in position (10 48.56 N, 79 52.96 E) in depth about 9 m.
(b) Vessels anchorage repairing area. A circle of radius 120m centered in position (10 51.85 N, 79 52.95 E) in depth about 11 m.
Anchorage for vessels less than 8 m draught. A circle of radius 0.5 mile centered in position (10 51.5 N, 79 53.5 E) in depth about 12 m.

An anchorage exists for vessels less than 12 m draught in depth about 12 m to 15 m, bounded by following coordinates:
10 51.00N, 79 54.06E
10 51.90N, 79 54.06E
10 51.90N, 79 56.60E
10 51.00N, 79 56.60E
Another anchorage exists for vessels more than 12m draught in depth about 16 m to 20 m, bounded by following coordinates. 
10 51.90N, 79 56.60E
10 51.00N, 79 56.60E	
10 51.00N, 79 57.38E
10 51.90N, 79 57.38E

Tarangambadi 
Tarangambadi (Tranquebar), a small town, about 6.5 miles N of Karaikal, lies on the N side of river navigable only by boats with local knowledge. Dansborg, an Old Danish Fort, some large white houses and a look-out tower 
indicate its position from the offing; a small grove of casuarina trees flanks the S side of the town. 
During the NE monsoon there are depths of 1.8 m over the river bar.
Anchorage may be obtained, in depths of about 10.5m, about 1 mile offshore with the fort bearing 281.

Thirukkadaiyur Port
Thirukkadaiyur Port lies 3.25 miles N of Tranquebar. Tirukkadaiyur port was developed primarily for the captive use of M/s. PPN Power Generating Company for handling Fuel-Naphtha required for their 330 MW 
Gas Combined Cycle Power Project at Pillai Perumal Nallur. Vessels are regularly calling at this port and discharging Naphtha at a Single point Mooring Buoy located 2500 m east from the shore line. 
The SPMB lies in position 11 04.58 N, 79 52.8 E, at a depth of 15 m and is connected to the shore 1.25 miles W by a submarine pipeline, a 500m safety zone is declared all around the buoy. 
A conspicuous chimney of PPN power plant with a height of 99 m stands 1.25 miles inland in position 1104.44N, 79 50.2E. A T-shaped new jetty is located (11 04N, 79 51E) on the shoreline which measures about 100 m and 
designed to have 3 m water depth during high tide level along the front side of the jetty. However at present the jetty has only 1.5 m depth alongside, due to siltation caused by the old jetty just N of it.
	
Kaveripattinam
Kaveripattinam, a village in which there are two pagodas, lie 7 miles N of Tranquebar. The coast starts to rise slightly to the N of this village. A dangerous wreck lies in position 11 07.1N, 79 54.1E, 2.75 miles ESE of Kaveripattinam.

Tirumullaivasal 
Tirumullaivasal (11 15N, 79 50E), a small town in which a pagoda stands lies on the N bank of Uppannar river, about 6 miles N of Kaveripattinam.
Anchorage may be obtained in depths of about 10 m with the flagstaff bearing between 270 and 247. Depths within 9.1m decrease rapidly and the anchorage should be approached with caution. A shoal about 1.5 miles long and lying 
parallel to the coast, lie about 7 miles N of Tirumullaivasal. 

PY-03 Oil Field
PY-3 offshore field is located about 30 miles SE of Cuddalore Port. Water depth in the field is in the range of 75-120m.
The oil field has been producing crude oil since July 1997. Floating Production Unit (FPU) - "Tahara" (11 17.65 N, 80 00.25 E), is a semisubmersible unit with 15 anchors. The facility is designed to process 20,000 Barrel 
per day (BPD) of crude oil and 17 mm standard cubic ft of gas per day. 

PY-01 Oil Field
The PY-01 Gas and Oilfield Development Area extends over an area of 75 sq. km and is located about 10 miles East of Porto Novo Light and about 12 miles North of PY-03 oil field. The oil field contains the PY-01 basement gas field. 
Sun HOEC offshore oil platform exists at position (11 30.10 N, 79 56.05 E). Submarine pipe line runs about 25 miles south from Sun HOEC offshore oil platform to onshore gas processing plant located at Pillai Perumal Nallur 
Village in Nagapattinam district.

Kollidam River
Kollidam River  (Coleroon River) the northern distributary of Kaveri River flows into the sea by two mouths, one 10 miles and the other 13 miles N of Tirumullaivasal.
Coleroon Point (11 28N, 79 48E) is the N end of a low sandy spit extending N between the two mouths; it is bare and hard to distinguish from sea ward.
Kollidam River Bridge has been reported to be a good Radar target upto 24 nm from seaward. The four pagodas of the famous Nataraja Temple of Chidambaram about 8 miles SW of Coleroon Point are remarkable and can be distinctly seen 
over the trees, abreast the S mouth of Kollidam River.  
Vellar River flows into the sea between high banks of 2.5 miles NW of Coleroon Point and is navigable by local craft. Depths over the sandbar at its mouth are 0.9m in summers and 2.1m in winter post floods.

Porto Novo
Porto Novo (locally known as Parangipettai), (11 30N, 79 46E) a town about 3 miles NW of Coleroon Point, lies on the N bank of Vellar River and about 1 mile within the mouth. Trade is confined to local craft and is of little 
importance. A white flagstaff stands on the north bank of Vellar River  mile within the entrance. A Light is exhibited from a white round tower with red bands, 36m in Ht 7 .5 Cables N of the Flag Staff. 
A shoal, which extends about 2 miles offshore between the S mouth of Kollidam River and a position NE of Coleroon point, on which the sea breaks heavily during the NE monsoon.

Porto Novo Light 
(11 30.2N, 79 46.2E) A light is exhibited from a 37m high white circular concrete tower with red bands, 7.5 cables N of the flagstaff.

Anchorage. 	
From about mid-October to end December, anchorage may be obtained in depths of 16.5m about 3 miles offshore with the lighthouse bearing 270. From the month of January onwards, when the NE winds become variable, during the SW monsoon 
or in settled weather, anchorage may be obtained closer inshore according to draught. During the first burst of the NE monsoon local craft avoid this port as Coleroon shoal lies leeward of the anchorage

Chemplast Sanmar Marine Terminal (Cuddalore)
Chemplast Sanmar Marine Terminal Cuddalore (11 38.38N, 79 46.38E). The Cuddalore Marine Terminal is built and operated by M/s Chemplast Sanmar Ltd. 
Function. The Marine Terminal is a special purpose terminal designed exclusively for the import of Liquid Vinyl Chloro Monomer as raw material for the production of Poly Vinyl Chloride. 

Cuddalore Port
The principal port and capital of Cuddalore District in Tamil Nadu lies in position (11 42.5 N, 79 46.5 E) on a backwater formed by the confluence of estuaries of Uppanar River and Gadilam River. The coast north and south of 
Cuddalore Port is low, sandy and fringed with casuarinas and palm trees. The Uppanar river is being dredged resulting sufficient depth available for barge navigation from Nose point to jetty. The depth available at the port 
entrance is about 2.5-3.0m at low tide. It has a minimum depth of about 4m alongside the wharf. Breakwater arms are made to both sides of the entrance channel and they are unlit. Swell may be experienced during approach between breakwaters.

Anchorage
During the SW monsoon anchorage can be obtained in depths of 12-15m, having good holding ground. The anchorage area is defined by following coordinates:
 		 11 42.45 N, 79 47.70 E
		 11 41.50 N, 79 47.70 E
		 11 41.50 N, 79 48.70 E
		 11 42.45 N, 79 48.70 E

An anchorage for vessels carrying dangerous goods exists in position (11 41.89 N, 79 49.33 E) with an area of radius 5 cables. This is mostly used by vessels reporting for Chemplast Sanmar Marine Terminal located South of Cuddalore 
in position (11 38.38 N, 79 46.38 E), about 4 miles SSW.
Caution should be exercised while anchoring because of the two dangerous wrecks shown on the chart. 
An anchorage area centred in position 11 38.10 N, 79 48.84 E, radius 200 m, depth 14 m, gravel and shell, for Cuddalore Marine Terminal, is situated 2.5 miles E of the terminal (11 38.39 N, 79 46.37 E).
	
Puducherry
Puducherry (11 56N,79 50E), formerly the headquarters of all French settlements in India, is the capital and seat of government of the Union Territory of Puducherry, comprising Puducherry and Mahe, lies on the N bank of 
Ariyankuppam River about 13 miles NNE of Cuddalore. It is an open roadstead port situated about 170 km South of Chennai.

Puducherry Port  
There exists 150 m long and 25 m wide Cargo Quay. The draught available alongside is 3 m, which at present berths cement barges up to about 50m length, and fishing boats. A slip way to handle vessels of size up to 30 m length 
weighing upto 150 tons is also available for maintenance of small craft.
A shallow patch less than 0.5m in depth exists on the Southern side of the entrance channel.
The cargo is handled between the vessels at anchorage and the pier by 50 lighters with capacity of 2.5 tons each. The S pier is connected with the railway system. During the NE monsoon from October to end January, it is very difficult 
to work cargo due to rough seas. For the rest of the year the wind is off the land, from W, in the mornings, but; in the afternoon a strong breeze from SE usually results in a very choppy sea. Landing on the beach by ships boats 
should not be attempted.

Anchorage.	
During good weather, anchorage can be obtained in depths of 9 to 11m about 8 cables off the coast of Puducherry. From Oct to Dec it is advisable to anchor about a mile further offshore. The holding ground is not very good. A long 
scope of cable is recommended and precautions against bad weather should always be taken. 

Puducherry to Mahabalipuram                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
The coast between Puducherry (11 56N, 79 80E) and the mouth of Palar River, about 37 miles  NNE is low and sandy except for some hills from 3 to 5 miles N and NW of Puducherry. There are some hills from 70 to 200m high about 
28 miles N of Puducherry and from 5 to 16 miles inland.

Allam Parwa Fort. (12 16N, 80 01E) The fort is in ruins and situated on the N entrance point to Kaliveli Lagoon, 22 miles NNE of Puducherry. A dark prominent thick grove of Casuarina trees stands close to N of the fort. The 
entrance to the Kaliveli Lagoon is obstructed by a sandbar.
Kaliveli Lake or Kaliveli Lagoon (12 05 N, 79 50 E), is a coastal lake and lagoon with wetlands in Villupuram. It lies about 9.8miles N of Puducherry city and 6 miles N of Auroville. It is a seasonal wetland with a gradient 
from freshwater to brackish water, and is an important feeding and breeding ground for migratory birds. The ruins of colonial Allamparwa fort are located at the north channels entrance point into Kaliveli Lagoon.
Kaliveli tank is a water storage dam (12 5 N, 79 50 E) about 7km from Kalapettai in Puducherry. It is semi-permanent, fresh to brackish water lagoon, which empties into the sea through a narrow channel connecting the tank with 
the Yedayanthittu Estuary which lies 3km to the northeast of the tank. The Kaliveli watershed extends from Auroville Plateau south about 30km.The water level in the tank fluctuates according to precipitation, it reaches maximum at 
the end of Northeast monsoon and dries out during summer.

Palar River. (12 28N, 80 10E) Drains a large tract of water and receives many tributaries but, like other rivers on the Coromandel Coast, has a bar which completely closes its entrance during the dry season. Plantation of coconut 
trees stands on the N side of the entrance.
Breakers extend about 3 cables seaward from the entrance to Palar River and a spit extends about 1 mile seaward.

Sadras.	A small village, low and almost obscured from seaward by trees, stands 3 miles N of the mouth of Palar river.

Sadras Hills,
The most prominent elevation on this part of the coast, lie about 9 miles WNW of Sadras Fort. Finger Peak, with an elevation of 152m, may be identified by a temple on its summit, Tirumani Hill and Pattarvakkam, the latter a 214m 
high lies 5.5 miles WNW and 6.5 miles NNW respectively of Finger Peak, with prominent lower hills grouped around them. A conspicuous temple lies on Finger Peak. 

Mahabalipuram	
(12 37N, 80 12E) is a rocky point, about 6 miles NNE of Sadras Fort, on which stand several pagodas; one of these at the end of the point, is visible from seaward.

Mahabalipuram Light 
(12 36.8N, 80 11.5E) Is exhibited from a Circular masonry tower, 26m in height, standing on a prominent rock, 0.5 mile within the extremity of the point. The lighthouse is a good radar target at a distance of upto 16 miles. 

Tripalur Reef 
(1237N, 8012E) A rocky ledge, which dries 0.9m, extends 0.25 mile seaward from Mahabalipuram.

Mahabalipuram to Kovalam (Covelong Point)
Rockingham Patches are a group of shoal patches which extend to about 1.2 miles N and 0.6 miles wide with a least depth of 3.3m about 3.5 miles NNE  of  Mahabalipuram Lighthouse; a rocky head with a depth of 6.9m lies 4 cables S of 
the shoalest part.
The coast between Sadras Fort (12 32N, 80 10E) and Kovalam Point, 16 miles NNE, should be approached with caution for depths below 30m due to outlying rocky patches at various places. 

Anchorage.
An open anchorage in depths of about 13m can be obtained E of Kovalam point at bearing 270 Kovalam point distant about 1 mile. Care should be taken to avoid rocks awash extending about 0.3 mile NE from Kovalam point.
The low coast between Covelong point and Chennai, about 18 miles to the N is clear of dangers.

Landing may be affected during the SW monsoon near the rocks awash which extend 3 cables NE from Kovalam point.

Approaches to Chennai
Kovalam to Chennai
The coast between Kovalam point and Chennai, 18 miles N, is low and sandy with casuarina trees N and S and many prominent buildings at the center, Good landmarks are: 

Ottivakkam Hill, about 128m high and 8.5 miles NW of Kovalam Point stands near the S end of a low range of hills running parallel to the coast.

Perumbakkam Hill, 80m high and 7 miles NNW of Kovalam Point, appears as a flat round-topped hill from sea and is also a fairly good mark.

Panchapandavar Malai (Pallavaram Hills), a double peaked hill 152m high with a white domed building on its summit lying about 12.5 miles NNW of Kovalam Point.

Caution.
 The wreck of the pilot boat, ML Balaram, dangerous to navigation, lies in position 13 05.9N, 80 17.7E, approximately 5 cables S of the outer arm light. 

Submarine Exercise. 
Area lies with its center about 20 miles ENE of Kovalam point. A good look-out should be maintained in the vicinity.
Firing Practice area lies about 30 miles ESE of Kovalam Point, centered on 1241 N, 8045E as shown on the chart. Mariners are advice to exercise caution while navigating within this area.	Between Kovalam Point and Chennai, two 
rivers Adyar and Cooum (Kuvam) Rivers flow into the sea.

Chennai 
Chennai, (13 06N, 80 18E) the capital and seat of Government of the State of Tamil Nadu, is the Major harbour of the East Coast of India and the third largest port in India; it lies close to the sea on a low sandy coast exposed 
to heavy surf. The port with three docks, 24 berths and draught ranging 8.5 m to 16.5 m has emerged as a hub port for Containers, Cars and Project Cargo in the East Coast. 
Kuvam, a small river, flows through the city but its mouth is usually closed, except in the rainy season. The river is intersected by the Buckingham Canal which lies close behind this coast and connects a number of inland waterways. 
Chennai Light (13 02.3N, 80 16.8E) is exhibited from a triangular RCC tower (red and white bands), 46m in height  mile NNE of Saint Thomas Cathedral. A racon (K) transmits from the lighthouse.

Anchorage
Outer Anchorage. Chennai roadstead (13 06 N, 80 10 E) is exposed to all offshore winds; there is generally swell from seaward, causing vessels in the roadstead to labour or roll considerably. A second anchor should be ready for 
letting go and anchors should be buoyed.
Vessels which are not been berthed on arrival should anchor South of latitude 13 06 N. They should not anchor within Pilot Boarding Areas No 1 or No 2, which are shown on the chart, without permission from Port Control.
The Dangerous wreck with mast visible of MV Deccan Pioneer lies in position about 9.7 cables SE end of Eastern Breakwater. Another wreck lies S of the outer arm Breakwater light at a distance of 4.8 cables 
A cable area in which anchoring and fishing is prohibited lies in the S approaches to the harbour the limits of which are shown on the chart.   
The Anchorage lies 2 miles ENE of the harbour in a depth of 18 m, the holding ground is good with a coarse sand bottom.
The new outer arm, 1004m long provides better shelter at the outer anchorage.
A Number of submarine cables lie between the mouth of Kuvam and Adyar River. Anchoring and fishing is prohibited in this area.
At night it is advised that vessels should not approach into depths of less than 16m without pilot.

Spoil Ground
A spoil ground is centered 1.88 miles N of the outer arm light, another spoil ground lies 1.2 cables SEE of the outer arm light.
An examination anchorage area is enclosed by a line joining the following positions:

13 08 55" N, 80 19 30" E
13 08 55" N, 80 21 30" E
13 07 10" N, 80 21 10" E
13 07 10" N, 80 19 30" E
13 07 27" N, 80 19 15" E

Chennai Harbour
Chennai Harbour is protected from N and NE by Northern Breakwater and Eastern Breakwater which extends 2.5 cables SE thence 3.5 cables SSW from a position 2 miles NNE of Fort Saint Georges Flagstaff. The harbour is protected from 
E and SE by East Quay and new outer arm which extends 11 cables NNE from a position 1 mile NE of the same flagstaff. A light is exhibited from the head of new outer arm. Georgetown, the commercial center of the city, stands 
immediately behind the harbour.
In the Outer Harbour the Eastern Breakwater is 590 m long, Northern Breakwater is 460 m long, Outer Arm is 1,000 m long and the Upper Pitch Revetment is 950 m long. 
The S part of the harbour, forming the inner harbour, is protected by East Quay. The entrance to the inner harbour lies between the North Pier and a spur projecting from East Quay and is 122 m wide with a depth of 9.4 m. The Inner 
Harbour Eastern Breakwater is 1325 m long and Northern Breakwater is 575 m long. A light is exhibited at each side of the entrance.
		
Chennai Fishing Harbour     
Chennai Fishing Harbour KNOWN AS THE Royapuram Fishing harbor was established in 1984 under the administration of Chennai Port Trust. It is situated 1 mile N of Bharathi Dock; the harbour, which is well sheltered by two extensive 
breakwaters, provides berths for 1400 boats.







